prostate

prostate
It is an organ of the male genitalia about the size of a small walnut located at the beginning of the urethra in the pelvis. This gland contracts during ejaculation, adds an alkaline milky substance to the semen, and this is why the gelatinous state of the semen occurs. This gland remains relatively small throughout childhood and begins to grow at puberty under the influence of the male hormone (testosterone). This gland reaches a constant size around the age of 20 and remains the same until the age of 40 and 50. The contraction of the muscles of this gland slows down the flow of urine.
In about half of men over the age of 50, the prostate enlarges and progresses to the top and neck of the bladder, putting pressure on the bladder neck, blocking the flow of urine.
This condition is called Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).
Cause:
The cause is not known, but the increase in male hormones has been linked to the size of the gland, with new studies identifying smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and diabetes as risk factors. Other studies have considered nutritional factors as another factor.
DiagnosisPhysical examination by anal

Ultrasound

Bladder (cytoscopy)

PSA test – blood urea

Prostate biopsy
Clinical signs
Poor urine flow
Stop and start the flow of urine
Leakage of urine dripping, especially after urination
Feeling that the bladder is not empty
Having trouble starting to urinate
Frequent urination, especially at night
Sudden urge to urinate
Blood in the urine
BPH can cause a urinary tract infection, burning or pain when urinating. It may also cause a sudden inability to urinate. This condition is called acute urinary retention and is a medical emergency.
Open surgery
In this surgical procedure, the upper pubic area is opened under general anesthesia, and after complete removal of the prostate, several catheters are inserted, one in the pubic area and one in the urethra. The bladder and urethra are thoroughly flushed with saline serum (NIS), which lasts up to 24 hours and is discontinued after 24 hours, during which time antibiotics are given intravenously (through a vein) and after that The patient continues to be discharged orally. The catheters used A catheter is inserted into the urethra and a device (catheter) called a fungal catheter is placed in the upper pubic area. During this time, the catheters are checked for clots and blockages to prevent clotting.
Nursing diagnosis: Before surgery

Anxiety due to inability to urinate

Pain due to bladder dilation

Lack of patient awareness of the factors associated with the problem

After surgeryPain due to incision (surgical incision)

Catheter placement and spasm (muscle cramps) of the bladder

Lack of knowledge about postoperative measures and recovery treatment
Home training:
Teach the patient how to maintain the drainage system and control urinary output. About the signs and symptoms that should be reported to the doctor, such as the presence of blood in the urine, decrease
Urine output and fever Inform the patient and encourage the patient to drink plenty of fluids at home.
Closed operation
In this procedure, the prostate is looked at through a narrow, flexible tube, and if possible, it is so-called shaved and reduced in size (TURP).
Other common methods include balloon dilation, microwave heat therapy

Assessment :Reduce anxiety and pain

Understand surgical procedures and postoperative care and relieve discomfort
Pre-operation planning and goals
Increase awareness of prostate problems and events around surgery
after surgery:
Correction of body fluid volume disorders, pain and discomfort relief, ability to perform personal care activities and no side effects