Hospital infections
Nosocomial infection is defined as an infection that people admitted to the hospital get during the time they stay in the hospital, and the manifestations of the disease may appear during the hospitalization or after the patient is discharged.
Usually, infections that appear after 48 to 72 hours are considered as hospital infections, and if an infection occurs less than 48 hours after the patient’s hospitalization, it is likely that the person is in the incubation stage when admitted to the hospital. The disease is living.
It causes increased costs – prolonged recovery – disability and death of patients.
ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ، ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻋﻔﻮﻧـﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ، ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﻱ ( ۴۲ %) ، ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺗﺤﺘـﺎﻧﻲ (ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺪﺩ ۱۱ % ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ) ﻳــﺎ ﭘﻨﻮﻣﻮﻧﻲ (۱۵ % up to 20%), infection caused by surgical wound (24%), and infection of the circulatory system (5-10%), are of particular importance. According to the conducted studies, urinary tract infections are the most common and pneumonia-killing hospital infections, although in some centers, hospital-acquired circulatory system infections are the main cause of patient death.
Definition of four types of infection based on standard definitions of infection type:
- Symptomatic UTI Definition: Symptomatic UTI must have at least one of the following characteristics: – Temperature above 38 degrees, frequent urination, burning sensation, severe suprapubic pain with local palpation, – Urine strip test for; Leukocyte esterase or nitrate should be positive. – Doctor’s clinical diagnosis; The doctor has started an appropriate antibiotic for the urinary infection.
- Asymptomatic urinary infection Definition: Asymptomatic urinary infection must have at least one of the following characteristics: the patient has used Foli for at least 7 days before the culture and has a positive urine culture with a maximum of two types Organism with at least 100,000 microorganisms in 1 cubic centimeter of urine. Temperature above 38 degrees Urinary urgency, frequency of urination, burning and pain above the pubis. Important point: A positive culture from the tip of the urinary catheter is not an acceptable laboratory test for diagnosing a urinary infection, and the catheterization or clean collection method should be used.
- Pneumonia infection Definition: The presence of one of the following features indicates pneumonia: – The patient must have rales or dullness in the clinical examination. – Beginning of purulent sputum or change in sputum characteristics. – Presence of organism in blood culture. – The presence of the organism in the sample obtained from tracheal aspiration, intrabronchial brushing or biopsy. – A radiograph of the patient’s chest indicates new or progressive infiltration, the presence of a pleural cavity or effusion.
- Surgical site infection (superficial infection) Definition: Superficial infection of the surgical site must have the following characteristics: The infection must have occurred within 30 days after surgery and only involved the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and at least one of It has the following: – Purulent discharge from the superficial incision site. – Organism from the fluid or tissue of the surface cut that was prepared aseptically. . At least one of the signs or symptoms: pain, local swelling, redness, or heat exists and the doctor opened the wound intentionally, unless the culture is negative and the diagnosis of superficial infection has been raised by the doctor.
- Infection of the surgical site (deep infection) Definition: Deep infection of the surgical site must have the following characteristics: Infection related to surgery that has occurred within 30 days, the patient has at least one of the following characteristics: – purulent discharge From the depth of the incision, provided that it is not related to another organ or space.- Deep infection of the surgical site that opens by itself or by the surgeon, unless the wound has a negative culture, temperature above 38 degrees, sensitivity and local pain. Abscess or other evidence of infection in the depth of the wound that can be seen during re-surgery, histopathological or radiological tests. – Diagnosis of deep infection by the relevant doctor.
- Infection of the surgical site of internal organs, spaces between organs Definition:
This type of infection is the infection of any part of the body (except the skin incision, fascia, muscle layers) that is opened and manipulated during surgery. These infections are mentioned under the title of surgical site infection (by mentioning the name of the organ/or space involved) and the patient has at least one of the following characteristics: – The exit of purulent discharge from the drain located in the wound site and inside a specific space or organ. have given. – The presence of an organism that can be proven by culturing inside a special organ or a special tissue. Abscess or any evidence of infection in a wound or space or a specific organ that can be detected by direct observation or histological or radiological tests. – Doctor’s diagnosis.
- Blood infection Definition: the growth of a pathogen in a blood culture, or from several blood cultures, a similar pathogen has grown and the organism cultured from the blood is not related to the infection of another place. The patient must have at least one of the following signs and symptoms: 1. Fever (temperature above 38 degrees), chills or hypotension, the presence of common skin contaminants that grow in two or more blood cultures at different times. 2. Positive antigen test in blood. 3. The presence of germs in the patient’s IV line.
Producer: Elham Habibi
Source: National Guide for Hospital Infection Care System
Compilation date: Fall 1400
Revision date: three years later “Mir Hosseini Hospital Shiraz”
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