stroke
Definition: A stroke is defined as interruption of oxygen supply to brain cells, resulting in ischemia and anemia in a region of the brain and the resulting defects.
Types of stroke
Ischemic strokes: A cerebrovascular accident or what is known as a brain attack is a sudden stop of brain function due to the interruption of blood supply to an area of it.
Hemorrhagic strokes: mainly caused by intracranial or subarachnoid hemorrhages.
Cause of strokes
The causes are different depending on the type of stroke.
- Ischemic stroke (without bleeding):
- Thrombosis or clotting in the blood vessels of the brain or neck
- A clot of blood or other material that has moved from other parts of the body to the brain – Reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain
- Hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding):
Occlusion or rupture of intracranial blood vessels is usually caused by the following factors:
high blood pressure
Dilation of the cerebral artery wall
Coagulation disorders
the blows
Vascular abnormalities
Symptoms and complaints:
Changes in the level of consciousness and behavioral changes: indifference, immobility, memory loss, lack of awareness of place, time, and person.
Loss of sensation and reflexes: usually unilateral and may be temporary or permanent.
Asymmetric pupils
drooping eyelid
Visual disorders
Drooping or tilting of the mouth
Unilateral or bilateral weakness or paralysis
Communication disorder
Difficulty swallowing
Bowel and bladder incontinence
nausea and vomiting
epilepsy
Headache
neck pain
Syncope
Danger signs of stroke:
High blood pressure: cardiovascular diseases, rheumatism, heart, high cholesterol, obesity, blood concentration, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug abuse
treatment:
Medical treatment is in the form of prescribing drugs that dissolve blood clots, and surgical treatment is the way to treat hemorrhagic strokes that remove the clots that have formed.
Teaching the patient and companion:
- Pay attention to the warning signs of strokes, and if any of the symptoms occur, take the patient to the nearest hospital emergency within less than 3 hours.
Provide the patient’s level of disability such as walkers, special mattresses, aids for safe eating, going to the toilet, etc.
Sufficient light is provided for the environment. d.
Protect the affected part during physical activities.
The patient should be encouraged to use the eye on the affected side to look around.
The patient should be encouraged to use the organs on the affected side.
Necessary precautions should be taken to prevent bedsores.
Take action for the patient’s speech therapy.
Because of swallowing difficulties, check the swallowing reflex before starting feeding.
The diet should be started and continued according to the doctor’s order and nursing recommendations.
Drug treatments should be done according to the doctor’s orders.
The patient should be aware that emotional instability and depression are common and should refer to a social worker for more support and advice.
Producer: Azam Qaidi
Source: internal nursing, surgery, emergency room
Patient education Marie M. Canabeau
Compilation date: summer 1400
Revision date: 3 years later
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